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The black carp (''Mylopharyngodon piceus'') or black Chinese roach is a species of cyprinid fish and the sole species of the genus ''Mylopharyngodon''. It is native to lakes and rivers in East Asia, ranging from the Amur Basin, through China, to Vietnam. It is widely cultivated for food and Chinese medicine. The black carp can reach up to in length and in weigth.〔 It generally feeding on snails and mussels. The average length is 60-120 cm (24-47 inches). Black carp, together with bighead, silver, and grass carps, make up the culturally important "four famous domestic fishes" used in polyculture in China for over a thousand years, and known as "Asian carp" in the United States. Black carp are not as widely distributed worldwide as the other three. In China, black carp are the most highly esteemed and expensive foodfish among the four domestic fishes,〔Chu, X. et al. 1989. The fishes of Yunnan China. Part 1. Cyprinidae. Science Press, Beijing, China.〕 and partly because of its diet and limited food supply, is the most scarce and expensive in the marketplace.〔Chu X. 1984.The fishes of Fujian Province. Part 1. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fujian, China.〕 ==Black carp in the United States== The nature of the black carp's diet has led to its use in the United States in the control of snails in aquaculture. Snails are obligate alternate hosts of trematode pests that can cause substantial losses to aquaculture crops. Some state aquaculture laws require the carp to be bred as triploids, to render them sterile, and thus minimize the potential for the fish to escape and create self-sustaining populations. However, the use of triploids does require the maintenance and use of fertile diploid brood stock at least at some location, for production of the triploids. No state allows the intentional release of black carp, sterile or otherwise. However, the United States Geological Survey reported seven (confirmed ) black carp were caught in the Mississippi River basin. Rivers where black carp have been captured also include the White in Arkansas, the Atchafalaya and Red in Louisiana, and the Osage in Missouri. Some of the captured fish have been confirmed to be diploid and assumed fertile; one has been confirmed to be a triploid and assumed sterile. In Louisiana, many other reports by knowledgeable fishers of their capture have not been verified by biologists.〔Nico et al. 2005. ''Black carp: biological synopsis and risk assessment of an introduced fish'' American Fisheries Society Special Publication 32. 337 pp.〕 Black carp are considered to be a serious threat to mollusks native to the United States, many of which are critically endangered. In 2007, the black carp was listed as an "injurious species" under the Lacey Act.〔()〕 It is thus illegal in most cases to transport live black carp, whether sterile or fertile, into the United States or across state lines. In states where legal, black carp can still be possessed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「black carp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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